Grammar
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Grammar | Meaning | Type | Difficulty | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|
-이다 | to be (copula) | Verb | beginner | |
-이/가 | subject marker | Particle | beginner | |
-은/는 | topic marker | Particle | beginner | |
-(았/었)다 | past tense | Conjugation | beginner | |
-(았/었)었다 | past perfect tense | Conjugation | beginner | |
-을/를 | object marker | Particle | beginner | |
-에 | to, at | Particle | beginner | |
-(아/어)요 | polite present tense statement | Conjugation | beginner | |
-에서 | from (a place), at (active) | Particle | beginner | |
-와/과 | and, with (written) | Particle Conjunction | beginner | |
-있다/없다 | to exist/to not exist | Verb | beginner | |
-하고 | and (lists) | Particle | beginner | |
-(이)랑 | and, with (spoken) | Particle | beginner | |
-의 | possessive marker | Particle | beginner | |
-까지 | until | Particle | beginner | |
-(스)ㅂ니다 | formal present tense statement ending | Conjugation | beginner | |
-부터 | from (a time) | Particle | beginner | |
-한테 | to (a person) (spoken) | Particle | beginner | |
-에게 | written/formal to a person | Particle | beginner | |
-도 | too, also | Particle | beginner | |
-만 | only, just | Particle | beginner | |
밖(에) | outside of | Noun | beginner | |
-(이)나 | or | Conjunction | beginner | |
-(이)나 | as much as | Particle | beginner | |
쯤 | about, around | Particle | beginner | |
-처럼/같이 | like, as | Postposition | beginner | |
-보다 | more than | Particle | beginner | |
-마다 | every | Particle | beginner | |
-(았/었)습니다 | formal past tense statement | Conjugation | beginner | |
-고 있다 | present progressive tense | Conjugation | beginner | |
안- | negator prefix (verbs/adjectives) | Prefix | beginner | |
-지 않다 | negative ending form | Conjugation | beginner | |
못- | inability prefix | Prefix | beginner | |
못하다 | inability form | Verb | beginner | |
-고 | and | Conjunction | beginner | |
-거나 | or | Conjunction | beginner | |
-지만 | but | Conjunction | beginner | |
-는데 | but, though | Conjunction | beginner | |
전에 | before | Noun | beginner | |
후에 | after | Noun | beginner | |
-고 나서 | after (completing) | Conjunction | beginner | |
-(아/어)서 | because, since | Conjunction | beginner | |
-때 | (a) time, when | Noun | beginner | |
-(으)ㄹ때 | when doing | Conjunction | beginner | |
-(으)면서 | while doing | Conjunction | beginner | |
-들 | plural marker | Particle | beginner | |
-때문(에) | Because of, owing to | Conjunction | beginner | |
-중에 | among | Noun | beginner | |
-(으)니까 | because, so | Conjunction | beginner | |
-는 중 | during, in the middle of | Noun | beginner | |
-자마자 | as soon as (conjunction) | Conjunction | beginner | |
동안 | period (of time) | Noun | beginner | |
-는 동안 | during | Conjunction | beginner | |
-(ㄴ/은) 지 | since (time) | Conjugation | beginner | |
-(ㄴ/은) 적이 있다 | have done, experienced | Conjugation | beginner | |
-(ㄴ/은) 적이 없다 | haven't done, experienced | Conjugation | beginner | |
-(ㄹ/을) 수 있다 | can do | Conjugation | beginner | |
-(ㄹ/을) 수 없다 | can't do | Conjugation | beginner | |
-(ㄹ/을) 줄 알다 | know that, know how to | Conjugation | beginner | |
-(ㄹ/을) 줄 모르다 | not know that, not know how to | Conjugation | beginner | |
-(으)세요 | polite imperative | Conjugation | beginner | |
-지 마세요 | polite negative imperative | Conjugation | beginner | |
-(아/어)야 (되다/하다) | have to/must | Conjugation | beginner | |
-(아/어)도 되다 | may do, are allowed to | Conjugation | beginner | |
-(으)면 안되다 | may not, shouldn't | Conjugation | beginner | |
-지 않아도 되다 | don't have to, don't need to | Conjugation | beginner | |
-안 (A/V)(아/어)도 되다/(A/V)지 않아도 되다 | not have to/not need to | Conjugation | beginner | |
-기 | gerund (activity or state) | Conjugation | beginner | |
-(으)면 | if | Conjunction | beginner | |
-았/었어요 | polite past tense | Conjugation | beginner | |
-(으)ㄹ 거예요 | polite future tense / intention | Conjugation | beginner | |
-았/었었어요 | polite past perfect / used-to | Conjugation | beginner | |
-(으)로 | to/by/with (direction, means) | Particle | beginner | |
-밖에 | only (with negative) / except | Particle | beginner | |
-기 전에 | before doing | Conjugation | beginner | |
-(으)ㄴ 후에 | after doing | Conjugation | beginner | |
-고 싶다 | want to | Conjugation | beginner | |
-았/었으면 좋겠다 | it would be nice if | Conjugation | beginner | |
-아/어 주세요 | please do (request) | Conjugation | beginner | |
-아/어 주시겠어요? | polite could you please | Conjugation | beginner | |
-아/어 줄게요 | I will do it for you | Conjugation | beginner | |
-아/어 줄까요? | shall I (do it for you)? | Conjugation | beginner | |
-아/어 보다 | try doing | Conjugation | beginner | |
-(으)ㄹ까요? | shall we / should I? (suggestion) | Conjugation | beginner | |
-(으)ㅂ시다 | formal/polite let's | Conjugation | beginner | |
-(으)시겠어요? | polite would you / will you | Conjugation | beginner | |
-(으)ㄹ래요? | casual polite want to / will you? | Conjugation | beginner | |
-겠어요 | will / intention / guess | Conjugation | beginner | |
-(으)려고 | in order to / intending to | Conjugation | beginner | |
-(으)려고 하다 | be planning/trying to | Conjugation | beginner | |
-(으)러 가다/오다 | go/come to do | Conjugation | beginner | |
-기 위해(서) | in order to (do) | Conjugation | beginner | |
-을/를 위해(서) | for (someone/something) | Particle | beginner | |
-기로 하다 | decide to | Conjugation | beginner | |
-(으)려면 | if you want to / in order to | Conjugation | beginner | |
-아/어도 | even if / even though | Conjugation | beginner | |
-(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ 것 같다 | seems / I think | Conjugation | beginner | |
-는 데 걸리다/들다 | take (time/money) | Conjugation | beginner | |
-지요? | right? / you know? | Conjugation | beginner | |
-군요/는군요 | I see! / (discovery) | Conjugation | beginner | |
-네요 | oh, (surprise/notice) | Conjugation | beginner | |
-(으)ㄴ가요? | polite is it...? / curious | Conjugation | beginner | |
-나요? | do/does it...? (question) | Conjugation | beginner | |
-(으)ㄴ/는데요 | well..., you see... (softening) | Conjugation | beginner | |
-아/어하다 | seem/show feelings (3rd person) | Conjugation | beginner | |
-게 | make/let (adverbial) | Conjugation | beginner | |
-아/어 있다 | be in a resulting state | Conjugation | beginner | |
-아/어지다 | become / get (change of state) | Conjugation | beginner | |
-게 되다 | end up / come to | Conjugation | beginner | |
-(으)ㄴ | adnominal modifier (past / descriptive) | Conjugation | beginner | |
-는 | adnominal modifier (present / ongoing) | Conjugation | beginner | |
-(으)ㄹ | adnominal modifier (future / prospective) | Conjugation | beginner | |
-지 못하다 | cannot / fail to | Conjugation | beginner | |
-께서 | honorific subject marker | Particle | beginner | |
-에게서 | from (a person, written) | Particle | beginner | |
-한테서 | from (a person, spoken) | Particle | beginner | |
-(으)ㄴ가 | indefinite / wondering ("some-") | Conjugation | beginner | |
-(으)ㄴ지 | vague reason / uncertainty ("somehow") | Conjugation | beginner | |
-(으)나 | but, though (contrastive) | Conjugation | beginner | |
지다 | having / showing a quality | Conjugation | beginner | |
-음직하다 | worth doing; seems worth it | Conjugation | beginner | |
-(으)ㅁ | gerund (result) | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-(이)라고 하다 | say/quote (noun) | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-다고 하다 | say/quote (statement) | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-냐고 하다 | ask/quote (question) | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-자고 하다 | suggest/quote (let’s) | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-았/었다가 | did and then (change/undo) | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-았/었던 | used to / previously (descriptive past) | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-아/어 버리다 | end up doing / do completely | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-고 말다 | end up (unwanted result) | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-(으)나 마나 | no use / pointless | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-아/어 봤자 | even if you try, (still) | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-(느)ㄴ다면 | if (hypothetical) | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-았/었더라면 | if (past hypothetical) | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-(으)ㄹ 뻔하다 | almost (happened) | Conjugation | intermediate | |
ㄹ/을 걸 (그랬다) | should have, wish I had (regret) | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-았/었어야 했는데 | should have (done) but… | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-곤 하다 | used to / would often | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-기는요 | not at all / (strong denial) | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-(으)ㄴ/는 척하다 | pretend to | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-아/어 보이다 | look like / seem | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-(으)ㄴ/는 모양이다 | it seems that / appears to be | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-(으)ㄹ 텐데 | I expect / I suppose | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-(으)ㄹ 테니까 | since I expect / since I will | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-(으)ㄹ걸요 | I think / probably | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ 줄 몰랐다 | didn't know that | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ 줄 알았다 | thought that / expected | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-(으)ㄹ지도 모르다 | might / may | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-기는 하지만 | although / it's true but | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-(으)ㄴ/는 반면에 | on the other hand / whereas | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-(으)ㄴ/는데도 | even though / despite | Conjugation | intermediate | |
서술체 | written narrative form | Conjugation | intermediate | |
반말체 | informal speech | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-거든(요) | because / you see | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-잖아요 | you know / as you know | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-느라고 | because of doing / busy doing | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-는 바람에 | because of / due to (unexpected) | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-(으)ㄴ/는 탓에 | because of / due to (blame) | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-고 해서 | and so / since also | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-(으)ㄹ까 봐 | worried that / lest | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-다고요? | you said...? (confirming quote) | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-다고 하던데 | I heard that... | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-다면서요? | is it true that...? / I heard | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-다니요? | what do you mean...? (surprise) | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-(으)ㄹ까 하다 | thinking about doing | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-고자 | formal in order to / wanting to | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-(으)려던 참이다 | was just about to | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-(으)ㄹ 겸 -(으)ㄹ 겸 | for both purposes / killing two birds | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-아/어야지요 | should / ought to (self-resolve) | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-(으)ㄹ 만하다 | worth doing / deserves to be | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-도록 하다 | make sure to / try to | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-지 그래요? | why don't you...? | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-던 | used to / was doing (modifier) | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-더라고요 | I noticed / I found that | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-던데요 | I noticed / I recall that | Conjugation | intermediate | |
단어 피동 (-이/히/리/기-) | word-level passive suffixes | Conjugation | intermediate | |
단어 사동 (-이/히/리/기/우/추-) | word-level causative suffixes | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-게 하다 | make/let someone do | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-아/어야 | only if / must | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-(으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라 | not only... but also | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-(으)ㄴ/는 데다가 | in addition to / on top of | Conjugation | intermediate | |
조차 | even (extreme case) | Particle | intermediate | |
만 해도 | even just / take for example | Particle | intermediate | |
-는 길에 | on the way to | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-다가 | while doing / and then | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-(으)ㄹ 정도로 | to the extent that | Conjugation | intermediate | |
만 하다 | as big/much as | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ 만큼 | as much as / to the degree that | Conjugation | intermediate | |
아무+(이)나 | any / anything | Particle | intermediate | |
아무+도 | none / nobody | Particle | intermediate | |
(이)라도 | even if it's just / at least | Particle | intermediate | |
-든지 -든지 | whether... or / no matter | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-(으)ㄴ/는 대신에 | instead of | Conjugation | intermediate | |
만에 | after (time interval) / in | Particle | intermediate | |
-아/어 가지고 | casual and then / so | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-아/어다가 | do and bring/take | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-고서 | after doing (emphasis) | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-고 보니 | after doing, I realized | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-다 보니 | as I kept doing, I found | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-다 보면 | if you keep doing, you will | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-더니 | and then / surprisingly | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-았/었더니 | when I did, it turned out | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-다가는 | if you keep doing, you will (warning) | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-(으)ㄴ/는 셈이다 | it amounts to / basically | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-아/어 놓다 | do in advance / leave done | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-아/어 두다 | do and keep / prepare | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-(으)ㄴ 채로 | while in a state of | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-(으)ㄴ/는 대로 | as soon as / just as | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-(으)ㄴ/는 편이다 | tend to / on the... side | Conjugation | intermediate | |
스럽다 | -like / seems (suffix) | Conjugation | intermediate | |
답다 | befitting / like (suffix) | Conjugation | intermediate | |
얼마나 -(으)ㄴ/는지 모르다 | you can't imagine how much | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-(으)ㄹ 수밖에 없다 | have no choice but to | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-(으)ㄹ 뿐이다 | only / just (nothing more) | Conjugation | intermediate | |
(이)야말로 | indeed / truly (emphasis) | Particle | intermediate | |
-도록 | so that / until | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-서 | shortened 에서; subject marker (혼자서) | intermediate | ||
롭다 | full of / characterized by (suffix) | Conjugation | intermediate | |
거리다 | to keep doing (mimetic suffix) | Conjugation | intermediate | |
대다 | to keep doing (mimetic suffix) | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-뜨리다/-트리다 | emphatic verb suffix | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-을/ㄹ 바에(는) | rather than (doing), if it comes to (doing) | Conjugation | intermediate | |
-거든 | if / when (archaic) | Conjugation | advanced | |
-(ㄹ/을) 테다 | will / intend to (archaic) | Conjugation | advanced |