-(으)ㄴ turns a verb/adjective into a noun-modifier (like an English relative clause).

Use it in two main ways:

1. With adjectives (descriptive verbs): describes a noun in the present/general sense.

• 예쁜 꽃 (a pretty flower)
• 작은 집 (a small house)

2. With action verbs: describes a noun based on a completed (past) action.

• 먹은 밥 (the rice that was eaten)
• 어제 본 영화 (the movie I watched yesterday)

Form:

• after consonant (받침): -은
• after vowel: -ㄴ

Note: For action verbs in the “present/ongoing” meaning, use -는 instead (e.g., 먹는 사람).